Quantum gambling based on Nash-equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum gambling protocol that ensures fairness between two distant parties without third-party trust, leveraging game theory and quantum mechanics to reach a Nash-equilibrium, with practical optical demonstration.

Contribution

It presents a novel quantum gambling protocol that guarantees fairness without third-party trust and demonstrates its practical feasibility.

Findings

Protocol guarantees fairness through Nash-equilibrium

Adaptable to biased gambling applications

Experimental optical demonstration successfully conducted

Abstract

A fair gambling is hard to be made between two spatially separated parties without introducing a trusted third party. Here we propose a novel gambling protocol, which enables fair gambling between two distant parties without the help of a third party. By incorporating the key concepts and methods of game theory, our protocol will force the two parties to move their strategies to a Nash-equilibrium point which guarantees the fairness through the physical laws of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we show that our protocol can be easily adapted to a biased version, which would find applications in lottery, casino, etc. A proof-of-principle optical demonstration of this protocol is reported as well.