Black hole emission of vector particles in (1+1) dimensions

TL;DR

This paper studies the quantum tunnelling emission of vector particles from black holes in (1+1) dimensions, showing the emission temperature matches Hawking temperature for scalar particles and extends to various space-times.

Contribution

It introduces the analysis of vector particle emission in (1+1) dimensions using the Proca equation, deriving emission temperatures for multiple space-times including Schwarzschild and de Sitter.

Findings

Emission temperature equals Hawking temperature for Schwarzschild black holes.

Derived radiation temperatures for de Sitter, Rindler, and Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-times.

Calculated black hole entropy for Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time with two horizons.

Abstract

We investigate the radiation of spin-1 particles by black holes in (1+1) dimensions within the Proca equation. The process is considered as quantum tunnelling of bosons through an event horizon. It is shown that the emission temperature for the Schwarzschild background geometry is the same as the Hawking temperature corresponding to scalar particles emission. We also obtain the radiation temperatures for the de Sitter, Rindler and Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-times. In a particular case when two horizons in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time coincides the Nariai temperature is recovered. The thermodynamical entropy of a black hole is calculated for Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time having two horizons.