Standard Model with gauge inert variables

TL;DR

This paper reformulates the Standard Model as a completely gauge-free theory by making all fields inert under gauge transformations, thereby resolving gauge dependency issues in the effective potential and providing a new perspective on electroweak vacuum stability.

Contribution

It introduces a novel gauge-free formulation of the Standard Model that eliminates gauge redundancies and addresses the gauge dependence of the effective potential.

Findings

Gauge invariance of the effective potential is achieved.

The formulation clarifies the electroweak vacuum stability analysis.

Potential implications for beyond Standard Model physics.

Abstract

The Standard Model of electroweak interactions has been recast as a gauge free theory where the fields present in the Lagrangian are made inert under $SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ gauge transformations. Furthermore, the residual $U(1)_{em}$ gauge freedom of the dynamical fields are also removed to yield a completely gauge free theory. This formulation thus in turn resolves the issue of gauge dependency of the Standard Model effective potential which plays significant role in determining the instability scale of the electroweak vacuum.