New molecules in IRC+10216: confirmation of C$_5$S and tentative identification of MgCCH, NCCP, and SiH$_3$CN

TL;DR

This study reports the detection of four new molecules in the IRC+10216 star envelope, confirming C$_5$S and tentatively identifying MgCCH, NCCP, and SiH$_3$CN, expanding our understanding of molecular complexity in space.

Contribution

First detection of MgCCH in space and confirmation of C$_5$S in IRC+10216, with tentative identifications of NCCP and SiH$_3$CN, revealing new molecules in a star's envelope.

Findings

Confirmed C$_5$S presence in IRC+10216.

Tentative detection of MgCCH, NCCP, and SiH$_3$CN.

Derived column densities for all four molecules.

Abstract

The C-star envelope IRC+10216 harbors a rich variety of molecules, with more than 80 detected to date. During the course of a $\lambda$ 3 mm survey of IRC+10216 carried out with the IRAM 30-m telescope we have detected various weak lines, with antenna temperatures of a few mK, that we assign to rotational transitions of four new molecules. The observation of three lines of C$_5$S confirms a previous tentative identification of this molecule by Bell et al. (1993) based on a line at 24.0 GHz. We also report the tentative identification of three molecules not yet observed in space: MgCCH, the first metal acetylide detected in space, and NCCP and SiH$_3$CN, the phosphorus and silicon analogs of cyanogen (NCCN) and methyl cyanide (CH$_3$CN). We derive the following column densities: $N$(C$_5$S) = (2-14) $\times$ 10$^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$ (depending on the rotational temperature adopted), $N$(MgCCH) = 2 $\times$ 10$^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$, $N$(NCCP) = 7 $\times$ 10$^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$, and $N$(SiH$_3$CN) = 10$^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$. The S-bearing carbon chain C$_5$S is less abundant than C$_3$S, while MgCCH has an abundance in between that of MgNC and those of MgCN and HMgNC. On the other hand, NCCP and SiH$_3$CN are the least abundant P- and Si-bearing molecules observed to date in IRC+10216. Based on the behavior of similar molecules it is likely that these four species are formed in the outer circumstellar layers of IRC+10216. We discuss possible gas-phase formation routes.