A laser-lock concept to reach cm/s-precision in Doppler experiments with Fabry-Perot wavelength calibrators

TL;DR

This paper proposes a passive stabilization method for Fabry-Perot interferometers using laser locking to achieve cm/s precision in Doppler experiments, enabling high accuracy wavelength calibration without active cavity control.

Contribution

It introduces a novel laser-locking approach for FPI cavity length stabilization, improving precision and enabling absolute wavelength calibration in astronomical Doppler measurements.

Findings

Achieved sub-mm/s cavity length drift tracking precision.

Demonstrated unambiguous mode identification for absolute wavelength calibration.

Showed potential to apply laser-locked FPIs for high-accuracy spectrograph calibration.

Abstract

State-of-the-art Doppler experiments require wavelength calibration with precision at the cm/s level. A low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) can provide a wavelength comb with a very large bandwidth as required for astronomical experiments, but unavoidable spectral drifts are difficult to control. Instead of actively controlling the FPI cavity, we propose to passively stabilize the interferometer and track the time-dependent cavity length drift externally. A dual-finesse cavity allows drift tracking during observation. The drift of the cavity length is monitored in the high-finesse range relative to an external standard: a single narrow transmission peak is locked to an external cavity diode laser and compared to an atomic frequency. Following standard locking schemes, tracking at sub-mm/s precision can be achieved. This is several orders of magnitude better than currently planned high-precision Doppler experiments. It allows freedom for relaxed designs rendering this approach particularly interesting for upcoming Doppler experiments. We also show that the large number of interference modes used in an FPI allows us to unambiguously identify the interference mode of each FPI transmission peak defining its absolute wavelength solution. The accuracy reached in each resonance with the laser concept is then defined by the cavity length that is determined from the one locked peak and by the group velocity dispersion. The latter can vary by several 100m/s over the relevant frequency range and severely limits the accuracy of individual peak locations. A potential way to determine the absolute peak positions is to externally measure the frequency of each individual peak with a laser frequency comb (LFC). Thus, the concept of laser-locked FPIs may be useful for applying the absolute accuracy of an LFC to astronomical spectrographs without the need for an LFC at the observatory.