Measuring The Heat Capacity in a Bose-Einstein Condensation using Global Variables

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method to measure the heat capacity of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate by analyzing density distributions, providing insights into phase transitions and deviations from ideal gas behavior.

Contribution

The authors develop a global variable-based technique to determine heat capacity in inhomogeneous BECs, offering an alternative to local density approximation models.

Findings

Observed a $ ext{lambda}$-type transition in $^{87}$Rb BEC dependent on atom number

Identified deviations from ideal gas behavior near the transition

Discussed potential for studying heat capacity as temperature approaches zero

Abstract

Phase transitions are well understood and generally followed by the behavior of the associated thermodynamic quantities, such as in the case of the $\lambda$ point superfluid transition of liquid helium, which is observed in its heat capacity. In the case of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), the heat capacity cannot be directly measured. In this work, we present a technique able to determine the global heat capacity from the density distribution of a weakly interacting gas trapped in an inhomogeneous potential. This approach represents an alternative to models based on local density approximation. By defining a pair of global conjugate variables, we determine the total internal energy and its temperature derivative, the heat capacity. We then apply the technique to a trapped $^{87}$Rb BEC a $\lambda$-type transition dependent on the atom number is observed, and the deviations from the non-interacting, ideal gas case are discussed. Finally we discuss the chances of using this method to study the heat capacity at $T \rightarrow 0$.