Summation of rational series twisted by strongly B-multiplicative coefficients

TL;DR

This paper derives closed-form formulas for summations of rational series twisted by strongly B-multiplicative and certain automatic sequences, expanding the class of series with known explicit evaluations.

Contribution

It introduces methods to evaluate series involving strongly B-multiplicative sequences and extends results to automatic sequences like paperfolding and Golay-Shapiro-Rudin.

Findings

Closed-form evaluations for series with strongly B-multiplicative coefficients.

Explicit formulas for series involving automatic sequences such as paperfolding.

Connections between series sums and special constants like π and Euler numbers.

Abstract

We evaluate in closed form series of the type $\sum u(n) R(n)$, where $(u(n))_n$ is a strongly $B$-multiplicative sequence and $R(n)$ a (well-chosen) rational function. A typical example is: $$ \sum_{n \geq 1} (-1)^{s_2(n)} \frac{4n+1}{2n(2n+1)(2n+2)} = -\frac{1}{4} $$ where $s_2(n)$ is the sum of the binary digits of the integer $n$. Furthermore closed formulas for series involving automatic sequences that are not strongly $B$-multiplicative, such as the regular paperfolding and Golay-Shapiro-Rudin sequences, are obtained; for example, for integer $d \geq 0$: $$ \sum_{n \geq 0} \frac{v(n)}{(n+1)^{2d+1}} = \frac{\pi^{2d+1} |E_{2d}|}{(2^{2d+2}-2)(2d)!} $$ where $(v(n))_n$ is the $\pm 1$ regular paperfolding sequence and $E_{2d}$ is an Euler number.