Anomalous zeta potential in foam films

TL;DR

This study reveals unexpected behavior of zeta potential at liquid-air interfaces with ionic surfactants, showing it increases with decreasing coverage and remains finite at low coverage, impacting electrokinetic applications.

Contribution

It uncovers the anomalous dependence of zeta potential on surfactant coverage at liquid-air interfaces through molecular-level analysis.

Findings

Zeta potential increases as surfactant coverage decreases from saturation.

Zeta potential approaches a finite value at low surfactant coverage.

Interfacial hydrodynamics and ion-binding explain the observed behavior.

Abstract

Electrokinetic effects offer a method of choice to control flows in micro and nanofluidic systems. While a rather clear picture of these phenomena exists now for the liquid-solid interfaces, the case of liquid-air interfaces remains largely unexplored. Here we investigate at the molecular level electrokinetic transport in a liquid film covered with ionic surfactants. We find that the zeta potential, quantifying the amplitude of electrokinetic effects, depends on the surfactant coverage in an unexpected way. First, it increases upon lowering surfactant coverage from saturation. Second, it does not vanish in the limit of low coverage, but instead approaches a finite value. This behavior is rationalized by taking into account the key role of interfacial hydrodynamics, together with an ion-binding mechanism. We point out implications of these results for the strongly debated measurements of zeta potential at free interfaces, and for electrokinetic transport in liquid foams.