The critical velocity in the BEC-BCS crossover

TL;DR

This study measures the critical velocity in the BEC-BCS crossover of ultracold lithium gases, comparing it to the speed of sound and validating numerical simulations, thereby providing experimental insights into superfluid dynamics.

Contribution

It experimentally maps the critical velocity across the BEC-BCS crossover and compares it with the speed of sound, offering validation for numerical models especially in strongly correlated regimes.

Findings

Critical velocity increases steeply above a threshold

Good agreement between experiments and simulations in the BEC regime

Provides experimental data for strongly correlated regimes

Abstract

We map out the critical velocity in the crossover from Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluidity with ultracold $^{6}$Li gases. A small attractive potential is dragged along lines of constant column density. The rate of the induced heating increases steeply above a critical velocity $v_c$. In the same samples, we measure the speed of sound $v_s$ by exciting density waves and compare the results to the measured values of $v_c$. We perform numerical simulations in the BEC regime and find very good agreement, validating the approach. In the strongly correlated regime, where theoretical predictions only exist for the speed of sound, our measurements of $v_c$ provide a testing ground for theoretical approaches.