Laser Plasma Physics - Forces and Nonlinear Principle

TL;DR

This paper reviews the forces in plasmas influenced by electro-dynamic fields, linking classical and modern laser-driven plasma phenomena with applications in particle acceleration and fusion energy.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of mechanical forces in plasmas, connecting classical electrostatics with recent ultrahigh power laser interactions and fusion prospects.

Findings

Hydrodynamic forces linked with electric and magnetic field quadratic quantities.

Laser-driven particle acceleration mechanisms.

Potential for proton-boron fusion using ultrashort high-power laser pulses.

Abstract

This work is an electronic pre-publication of a book manuscript being under consideration in order to provide information to interested researchers about a review of mechanical forces in plasmas by electro-dynamic fields. Beginning with Kelvin's ponderomotive force of 1845 in electrostatics, the hydrodynamic force in a plasma is linked with quadratic force quantities of electric and magnetic fields. Hydrodynamics is interlinked with single particle motion of plasma particles electric field generation and double layers and sheaths due to properties of inhomogeneous plasmas. Consequences relate to laser driven particle acceleration and fusion energy. Beyond the very broad research field of fusion using nanosecond laser pulses based on thermodynamics, the new picosecond pulses of ultrahigh power opened a categorically different non-thermal interaction finally permitting proton-boron fusion with eliminating problems of nuclear radiation.