Enhanced dissipation and inviscid damping in the inviscid limit of the Navier-Stokes equations near the 2D Couette flow

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the inviscid limit of 2D Navier-Stokes equations near Couette flow, confirming nonlinear inviscid damping and enhanced dissipation effects at high Reynolds numbers, with results differing from classical turbulence predictions.

Contribution

It provides a rigorous nonlinear analysis of inviscid damping and enhanced dissipation near Couette flow, revealing a larger dissipative length scale than classical turbulence theory predicts.

Findings

Solutions behave like 2D Euler for t  Re^{1/3}

Viscosity dominates for t  Re^{1/3}, causing rapid shear flow decay

Dissipative length scale is  Re^{-1/3}, larger than classical predictions

Abstract

In this work we study the long time, inviscid limit of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations near the periodic Couette flow, and in particular, we confirm at the nonlinear level the qualitative behavior predicted by Kelvin's 1887 linear analysis. At high Reynolds number Re, we prove that the solution behaves qualitatively like 2D Euler for times t \lesssim Re^(1/3), and in particular exhibits inviscid damping (e.g. the vorticity weakly approaches a shear flow). For times t \gtrsim Re^(1/3), which is sooner than the natural dissipative time scale O(Re), the viscosity becomes dominant and the streamwise dependence of the vorticity is rapidly eliminated by an enhanced dissipation effect. Afterward, the remaining shear flow decays on very long time scales t \gtrsim Re back to the Couette flow. When properly defined, the dissipative length-scale in this setting is L_D \sim Re^(-1/3), larger than the scale L_D \sim Re^(-1/2) predicted in classical Batchelor-Kraichnan 2D turbulence theory. The class of initial data we study is the sum of a sufficiently smooth function and a small (with respect to Re^(-1)) $L^2$ function.