A realistic assessment of the CTA sensitivity to dark matter annihilation

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the Cherenkov Telescope Array's ability to detect dark matter annihilation signals at the Galactic center, incorporating detailed background analysis, systematic error modeling, and optimized region selection to improve sensitivity estimates.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive statistical framework including systematic errors and optimized analysis regions, enhancing the accuracy of CTA dark matter sensitivity projections.

Findings

CTA can probe thermal relic cross-section for dark matter masses 100 GeV to 10 TeV with 1% systematics.

Diffuse astrophysical emission significantly impacts sensitivity estimates.

Systematic uncertainties must be controlled below 0.3% for standard dark matter profiles.

Abstract

We estimate the sensitivity of the upcoming CTA gamma-ray telescope to DM annihilation at the Galactic centre, improving on previous analyses in a number of significant ways. First, we perform a detailed analyses of all backgrounds, including diffuse astrophysical emission for the first time in a study of this type. Second, we present a statistical framework for including systematic errors and estimate the consequent degradation in sensitivity. These errors may come from e.g. event reconstruction, Monte Carlo determination of the effective area or uncertainty in atmospheric conditions. Third, we show that performing the analysis on a set of suitably optimised regions of interest makes it possible to partially compensate for the degradation in sensitivity caused by systematics and diffuse emission. To probe dark matter with the canonical thermal annihilation cross-section, CTA systematics like non-uniform variations in acceptance over a single field of view must be kept below the 0.3% level, unless the dark matter density rises more steeply in the centre of the Galaxy than predicted by a typical Navarro-Frenk-White or Einasto profile. For a contracted $r^{-1.3}$ profile, and systematics at the 1% level, CTA can probe annihilation to $b\bar{b}$ at the canonical thermal level for dark matter masses between 100 GeV and 10 TeV.