Enabling Gaia observations of naked-eye stars

TL;DR

This paper presents an algorithm enabling Gaia to observe very bright stars (G=2.0-6.0), achieving high observation completeness and testing targeted techniques, thus expanding Gaia's observational capabilities for naked-eye stars.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new algorithm configuration and targeted observation techniques that allow Gaia to observe stars brighter than G=6.0, which were previously unobservable.

Findings

Achieved ~94% observation completeness for G=3-5.7 stars

Achieved ~75% observation completeness for G=2-3 stars

Successfully tested two targeted observation techniques for stars brighter than G=2.0

Abstract

The ESA Gaia space astrometry mission will perform an all-sky survey of stellar objects complete in the nominal magnitude range G = [6.0 - 20.0]. The stars with G lower than 6.0, i.e. those visible to the unaided human eye, would thus not be observed by Gaia. We present an algorithm configuration for the Gaia on-board autonomous object observation system that makes it possible to observe very bright stars with G = [2.0-6.0). Its performance has been tested during the in-orbit commissioning phase achieving an observation completeness of ~94% at G = 3 - 5.7 and ~75% at G = 2 - 3. Furthermore, two targeted observation techniques for data acquisition of stars brighter than G = 2.0 were tested. The capabilities of these two techniques and the results of the in-flight tests are presented. Although the astrometric performance for stars with G lower than 6.0 has yet to be established, it is clear that several science cases will benefit from the results of the work presented here.