Analysis of Clumps in Saturn's F Ring from Voyager and Cassini

TL;DR

This study compares the properties of bright diffuse clumps in Saturn's F ring observed by Voyager and Cassini, revealing a decrease in exceptionally bright clumps likely due to a reduction in impacting moonlets over 25 years.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of F ring clumps from Voyager and Cassini, highlighting changes in brightness and frequency of bright clumps over time.

Findings

Number of minor ECs remained constant

Bright ECs are now rarer and dimmer

Bright ECs likely caused by moonlet impacts

Abstract

Saturn's F ring is subject to dynamic structural changes over short periods. Among the observed phenomena are diffuse extended bright clumps (ECs) ~ 3-40 degrees in longitudinal extent. These ECs appear, evolve, and disappear over a span of days to months. ECs have been seen by the two Voyager spacecraft, the Cassini orbiter, and various ground- and space-based telescopes. Showalter (2004, Icarus, 171, 356-371) analyzed all Voyager images of the F ring and found that there were 2-3 major and 20-40 minor ECs present in the ring at any given time. We expand upon these results by comparing the ECs seen by Voyager to those seen by Cassini in 2004-2010. We find that the number of minor ECs has stayed roughly constant and the ECs have similar distributions of angular width, absolute brightness, and semimajor axis. However, the common exceptionally bright ECs seen by Voyager are now exceedingly rare, with only two instances seen by Cassini in the six years, and they are now also much dimmer relative to the mean ring background. We hypothesize that these bright ECs are caused by the repeated impacts of small moonlets with the F ring core, and that these moonlets have decreased in number in the 25 years between missions.