Tm$^{3+}$:Y$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ materials for spectrally multiplexed quantum memories

TL;DR

This study characterizes the spectroscopic properties of Tm$^{3+}$:Y$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ at low temperatures, revealing long coherence times and lifetimes suitable for broadband, spectrally multiplexed quantum memories in quantum communication.

Contribution

It provides detailed spectroscopic data demonstrating the potential of Tm$^{3+}$:Y$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ for high-performance quantum memory applications, including record-long coherence and population lifetimes.

Findings

Uniform coherence over 56 GHz bandwidth.

Hyperfine splitting of ±44 MHz/T.

Longest optical coherence lifetime of 490 μs in Tm$^{3+}$ in a crystal.

Abstract

We investigate the relevant spectroscopic properties of the 795 nm $^3$H$_6$$\leftrightarrow$$^3$H$_4$ transition in 1% Tm$^{3+}$:Y$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ at temperatures as low as 1.2 K for optical quantum memories based on persistent spectral tailoring of narrow absorption features. Our measurements reveal that this transition has uniform coherence properties over a 56 GHz bandwidth, and a simple hyperfine structure split by $\pm$44 MHz/T with lifetimes of up to hours. Furthermore, we find a $^3$F$_4$ population lifetime of 64 ms -- one of the longest lifetimes observed for an electronic level in a solid --, and an exceptionally long coherence lifetime of 490 $\mu$s -- the longest ever observed for optical transitions of Tm$^{3+}$ ions in a crystal. Our results suggest that this material allows realizing broadband quantum memories that enable spectrally multiplexed quantum repeaters.