A one-dimensional liquid of fermions with tunable spin

TL;DR

This paper reports the experimental realization of one-dimensional ultracold fermionic liquids with tunable spin components, revealing how spin multiplicity influences correlations and deviates from ideal fermion behavior, thus providing a platform to test many-body theories.

Contribution

It demonstrates the creation of 1D strongly-correlated fermionic liquids with variable SU(N) symmetry, exploring effects beyond traditional spin-1/2 systems.

Findings

Deviations from ideal fermion behavior observed for N>2

Large-N limit shows bosonic spinless liquid properties

Experimental platform for testing many-body theories

Abstract

Correlations in systems with spin degree of freedom are at the heart of fundamental phenomena, ranging from magnetism to superconductivity. The effects of correlations depend strongly on dimensionality, a striking example being one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems, extensively studied theoretically over the past fifty years. However, the experimental investigation of the role of spin multiplicity in 1D fermions - and especially for more than two spin components - is still lacking. Here we report on the realization of 1D, strongly-correlated liquids of ultracold fermions interacting repulsively within SU(N) symmetry, with a tunable number N of spin components. We observe that static and dynamic properties of the system deviate from those of ideal fermions and, for N>2, from those of a spin-1/2 Luttinger liquid. In the large-N limit, the system exhibits properties of a bosonic spinless liquid. Our results provide a testing ground for many-body theories and may lead to the observation of fundamental 1D effects.