Cosmic Matter Flux May Turn Hawking Radiation Off
Javad T. Firouzjaee, George F. R. Ellis

TL;DR
This paper argues that matter flux from cosmic backgrounds can suppress Hawking radiation from black holes, implying that black hole evaporation may not occur as previously thought during certain cosmological conditions.
Contribution
It introduces a new perspective on black hole radiation suppression due to cosmic matter flux, challenging standard evaporation models in cosmological contexts.
Findings
Matter flux causes the apparent horizon to become spacelike, preventing Hawking radiation.
Black hole radiation is suppressed when the adiabatic condition is violated by matter influx.
Black hole evaporation may only occur after the cosmic background radiation decays.
Abstract
An astrophysical (cosmological) black hole forming in a cosmological context will be subject to a flux of infalling matter and radiation, which will cause the outer apparent horizon (a marginal trapping surface) to be spacelike \cite{ellisetal14}. As a consequence the radiation emitted close to the apparent horizon no longer arrives at infinity with a diverging redshift. Standard calculations of the emission of Hawking radiation then indicate that no blackbody radiation is emitted to infinity by the black hole in these circumstances, hence there will also then be no black hole evaporation process due to emission of such radiation as long as the matter flux is significant. The essential adiabatic condition (eikonal approximation) for black hole radiation gives a strong limit to the black holes that can emit Hawking radiation. We give the mass range for the black holes that can radiate,…
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