Quantum noise effects with Kerr nonlinearity enhancement in coupled gain-loss waveguides

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex interplay of quantum noise and enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in coupled gain-loss waveguides with PT symmetry, revealing new decoherence effects and the potential for generating nonclassical light states.

Contribution

It presents the first real-time analysis of quantum noise effects combined with non-perturbative Kerr nonlinearity in PT-symmetric waveguides, uncovering new decoherence phenomena.

Findings

Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity causes a novel decoherence effect independent of quantum noise.

Quantum noise significantly influences system dynamics and can generate nonclassical light states.

The study provides insights into quantum noise effects in nonlinear quantum systems.

Abstract

It is generally difficult to study the dynamical properties of a quantum system with both inherent quantum noises and non-perturbative nonlinearity. Due to the possibly drastic intensity increase of an input coherent light in the gain-loss waveguide couplers with parity-time (PT) symmetry, the Kerr effect from a nonlinearity added into the systems can be greatly enhanced, and is expected to create the macroscopic entangled states of the output light fields with huge photon numbers. Meanwhile, the quantum noises also coexist with the amplification and dissipation of the light fields. Under the interplay between the quantum noises and nonlinearity, the quantum dynamical behaviors of the systems become rather complicated. However, the important quantum noise effects have been mostly neglected in the previous studies about nonlinear PT-symmetric systems. Here we present a solution to this non-perturbative quantum nonlinear problem, showing the real-time evolution of the system observables. The enhanced Kerr nonlinearity is found to give rise to a previously unknown decoherence effect that is irrelevant to the quantum noises, and imposes a limit on the emergence of macroscopic nonclassicality. In contrast to what happen in the linear systems, the quantum noises exert significant impact on the system dynamics, and can create the nonclassical light field states in conjunction with the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. This first study on the noise involved quantum nonlinear dynamics of the coupled gain-loss waveguides can help to better understand the quantum noise effects in the broad nonlinear systems.