Stability analysis of a model gene network links aging, stress resistance, and negligible senescence

TL;DR

This paper presents a mathematical model linking genetic network stability to aging and negligible senescence, suggesting that effective repair mechanisms can lead to lifespan extension and stress resistance.

Contribution

It introduces a simple genetic network model that explains how stability influences aging and longevity, connecting stress resistance with negligible senescence.

Findings

Gene network stability is crucial for lifespan extension.

Effective repair systems can prevent exponential gene-regulation deviations.

The model explains the Gompertz law of mortality and negligible senescence in long-lived animals.

Abstract

Several animal species are considered to exhibit what is called negligible senescence, i.e. they do not show signs of functional decline or any increase of mortality with age, and do not have measurable reductions in reproductive capacity with age. Recent studies in Naked Mole Rat (NMR) and long- lived sea urchin showed that the level of gene expression changes with age is lower than in other organisms. These phenotypic observations correlate well with exceptional endurance of NMR tissues to various genotoxic stresses. Therefore, the lifelong transcriptional stability of an organism may be a key determinant of longevity. However, the exact relation between genetic network stability, stress-resistance and aging has not been defined. We analyze the stability of a simple genetic- network model of a living organism under the influence of external and endogenous factors. We demonstrate that under most common circumstances a gene network is inherently unstable and suffers from exponential accumulation of gene-regulation deviations leading to death. However, should the repair systems be sufficiently effective, the gene network can stabilize so that gene damage remains constrained along with mortality of the organism, which may then enjoy a remarkable degree of stability over very long times. We clarify the relation between stress-resistance and aging and suggest that stabilization of the genetic network may provide a mathematical explanation of the Gompertz equation describing the relationship between age and mortality in many species, and of the apparently negligible senescence observed in exceptionally long-lived animals. The model may support a range of applications, such as systematic searches for therapeutics to extend lifespan and healthspan.