Banados-Silk-West effect with nongeodesic particles: Nonextremal horizons

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the Banados-Silk-West effect, where collision energy near a black hole can become unbounded, persists even when particles are subject to non-gravitational forces near nonextremal horizons.

Contribution

It extends previous results by showing the effect remains valid for nonextremal horizons under weak force conditions.

Findings

The BSW effect persists with nongeodesic particles near nonextremal horizons.

Weak forces do not prevent the unbounded energy growth in particle collisions.

The results are similar to those for extremal horizons, confirming robustness of the effect.

Abstract

When two particles collide near a black hole, the energy in their center of mass frame can, under certain conditions, grow unbounded. This is the Banados-Silk-West effect. We show that this effect retains its validity even if some force acts on a particle, provided some reasonable and weak restrictions are imposed on this force. In the present work we discuss the case of nonextremal horizons. The result under discussion is similar to that for extremal horizons considered in our previous work.