Gravitational field of a Schwarzschild black hole and a rotating mass ring

TL;DR

This paper develops a method to construct smooth gravitational fields around a Schwarzschild black hole with a rotating ring, addressing unphysical jumps in the Weyl scalars by adding angular momentum perturbations.

Contribution

It introduces a formalism using the Chrzanowski-Cohen-Kegeles method to obtain smooth perturbed metrics with a rotating ring, including handling lower modes and gauge choices.

Findings

Jumps in Weyl scalars are canceled by adding angular momentum perturbation.

The constructed metric is smooth outside the ring and on the equatorial plane.

Implications for gravitational self-force calculations in radiation gauge.

Abstract

The linear perturbation of the Kerr black hole has been discussed by using the Newman--Penrose and the perturbed Weyl scalars, $\psi_0$ and $\psi_4$ can be obtained from the Teukolsky equation. In order to obtain the other Weyl scalars and the perturbed metric, a formalism was proposed by Chrzanowski and by Cohen and Kegeles (CCK) to construct these quantities in a radiation gauge via the Hertz potential. As a simple example of the construction of the perturbed gravitational field with this formalism, we consider the gravitational field produced by a rotating circular ring around a Schwarzschild black hole. In the CCK method, the metric is constructed in a radiation gauge via the Hertz potential, which is obtained from the solution of the Teukolsky equation. Since the solutions $\psi_0$ and $\psi_4$ of the Teukolsky equations are spin-2 quantities, the Hertz potential is determined up to its monopole and dipole modes. Without these lower modes, the constructed metric and Newman--Penrose Weyl scalars have unphysical jumps on the spherical surface at the radius of the ring. We find that the jumps of the imaginary parts of the Weyl scalars are cancelled when we add the angular momentum perturbation to the Hertz potential. Finally, by adding the mass perturbation and choosing the parameters which are related to the gauge freedom, we obtain the perturbed gravitational field which is smooth except on the equatorial plane outside the ring. We discuss the implication of these results to the problem of the computation of the gravitational self-force to the point particles in a radiation gauge.