Inter-relationship between the Two Emission Cones of B1237+25

TL;DR

This study investigates the relationship between the two emission cones of pulsar B1237+25, revealing they likely originate from a common sub-beam system and suggesting a twisted magnetic field structure.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed correlation analysis linking the inner and outer emission cones of B1237+25, proposing a shared origin and magnetic twist in the emission regions.

Findings

Inner and outer cones share a common sub-beam system

Evidence of a twist in emission columns

Core component may share origin with conal components

Abstract

The origin of two distinct pairs of conal emission components in pulsars, associated with the "outer" and the "inner" emission cones, as well as the marked difference in their observed spectral properties, is poorly understood. The sub-pulse modulation in the corresponding conal components, if mapped back to the underlying system of sub-beams rotating around the magnetic axis in the polar cap, as envisioned by Ruderman & Sutherland (1975), provides a potential way to investigate the emission morphologies in the two conal regions, and more importantly, any inter-relationship between them. The bright pulsar B1237+25 with its special viewing geometry where the sightline traverses almost through the magnetic axis, along with a rich variety in pulse-to-pulse fluctuations, provides an excellent, but challenging opportunity to map the underlying emission patterns across the full transverse slice of its polar emission region. We present here our analysis on a number of pulse-sequences from this star to map and study any relationship between the underlying patterns responsible for emission in the two pairs of presumed conal-components and a core-component of this pulsar. The results from our correlation analysis of the two conal emission patterns strongly support the view that the two cones of this pulsar (the outer and the inner cone) originate from a common system of sub-beams. We also see evidence for a twist in the emission columns, most likely associated with a corresponding twist in the magnetic field structure. We discuss these results, and their implications, including a possibility that the core component of this pulsar shares its origin partly with the conal counterparts.