Systematic study of breakup effects on complete fusion at energies above the Coulomb barrier

TL;DR

This study systematically analyzes how projectile breakup influences complete fusion cross sections at energies above the Coulomb barrier, revealing a universal suppression pattern linked to the breakup threshold.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of breakup effects on fusion, establishing a universal exponential relation between suppression and breakup threshold energy.

Findings

Fusion suppression is independent of target for the same projectile.

Suppression correlates exponentially with the lowest breakup threshold energy.

Breakup effects cause a consistent reduction in fusion cross sections above the Coulomb barrier.

Abstract

A large number of complete fusion excitation functions of reactions including the breakup channel were measured in recent decades, especially in the last few years. It allows us to investigate the systematic behavior of the breakup effects on the complete fusion cross sections. To this end, we perform a systematic study of the breakup effects on the complete fusion cross sections at energies above the Coulomb barrier. The reduced fusion functions F(x) are compared with the universal fusion functions which are used as a uniform standard reference. The complete fusion cross sections at energies above the Coulomb barrier are suppressed by the breakup of projectiles. This suppression effect for reactions induced by the same projectile is independent of the target and mainly determined by the lowest energy breakup channel of the projectile. There holds a good exponential relation between the suppression factor and the energy corresponding to the lowest breakup threshold.