Uniqueness of Kerr-Newman solution

TL;DR

This paper proves that in asymptotically flat, axisymmetric spacetimes, multiple black hole solutions cannot be in stationary equilibrium, extending the uniqueness of the Kerr-Newman solution and showing spin-spin interactions cannot stabilize black hole configurations.

Contribution

It extends the uniqueness theorem of Kerr-Newman black holes to exclude stationary multiple black hole solutions in the specified class.

Findings

Multiple black hole solutions in this setting cannot be in equilibrium.

Spin-spin interactions are insufficient to maintain black hole separations.

The Kerr-Newman solution's uniqueness is confirmed in a broader context.

Abstract

We show that non-degenerate multiple black hole solution of Einstein- Maxwell equations in an asymptotically flat axisymmetric spacetime cannot be in stationary equilibrium. This extends the uniqueness of Kerr-Newman solution first proved by Bunting and Mazur in a much wider desirable class. Spin-spin interaction cannot hold the black hole aparts even with electromagnetic forces.