A nonlinear evolution equation for pulsating detonations using Fickett's model with chain branching kinetics

TL;DR

This paper derives a nonlinear evolution equation for pulsating detonations using Fickett's model with chain branching kinetics, providing analytical insights into stability, oscillations, and instability mechanisms that align with experimental and numerical results.

Contribution

It introduces a second order evolution equation for detonation structure that predicts stability boundaries and oscillatory behavior, extending understanding from reactive Euler equations to a simplified model.

Findings

Neutral stability boundary at χ=4 matches experimental data

Evolution equation captures stable limit cycles and instabilities

Instability driven by induction zone perturbations and acoustic effects

Abstract

The detonation wave stability is addressed using Fickett's equation, i.e., the reactive form of Burgers' equation. This serves as a simple analogue to the reactive Euler equations, permitting one to gain insight into the nonlinear dynamics of detonation waves. Chemical kinetics were modeled using a two-step reaction with distinct induction and reaction zones. An evolution equation for the detonation structure was derived using the method of matched asymptotics for large activation energy and slow rate of energy release. While the first order solution was found unconditionally unstable, the second order evolution equation predicted both stable and unstable solutions. The neutral stability boundary was found analytically, given by $\chi=4$, where $\chi$ is the product of activation energy and the ratio of induction to reaction time. This reproduces accurately what has been previously established for the reactive Euler equations and verified experimentally. The evolution equation also captures stable limit cycle oscillations in the unstable regime and offers unique insight into the instability mechanism. The mechanism amplifying the perturbations lies within the induction zone, where the Arrhenius-type rate equation provides a large change in induction times for small perturbations. The mechanism attenuating the perturbations arises from acoustic effects, which delays the amplification of the shock front. The longer the detonation wave, the more time it takes for the amplification from the reaction zone to reach the shock front, creating gradients that counter-act the amplification from the flame acceleration. The results agree with direct numerical simulation, as well as recovering many similarities with the reactive Euler equation.