Two-dimensional heavy fermions on the strongly correlated boundaries of Kondo topological insulators

TL;DR

This paper models the strongly correlated boundary states of topological Kondo insulators, predicting diverse phenomena like heavy fermion behavior, potential superconductivity, and exotic quantum liquids influenced by electron correlations and spin-orbit coupling.

Contribution

It introduces a minimal lattice model for the correlated boundary of topological Kondo insulators and explores possible ground states with rich heavy fermion and unconventional quantum phenomena.

Findings

Heavy fermion Dirac metals may form at the boundary.

Unconventional states like non-Fermi liquids and quantum electrodynamics are possible.

Ultra-thin films could host non-Abelian fractional excitations.

Abstract

Samarium hexaboride (SmB$_6$), a representative Kondo insulator, has been characterized recently as a likely topological insulator. It is also a material with strong electron correlations, evident by the temperature dependence of its bandgap and the existence of a nearly flat collective mode whose energy lies within the bandgap. Similar strong correlations can affect or even destabilize the two-dimensional metallic state of topological origin at the crystal boundary. Here we construct the minimal lattice model of the correlated boundary of topological Kondo insulators, and make phenomenological predictions for its possible ground states. Depending on the microscopic properties of the interface between the topological Kondo material and a conventional insulator, the boundary metal can exhibit a varied degree of hybridization between the $d$ and $f$ orbitals of the rare earth element, yielding a rich two-dimensional heavy fermion phenomenology. A pronounced participation of the $f$ orbitals is expected to create a heavy fermion Dirac metal, possibly unstable to a spin density wave, electron localization or even superconductivity. The opposite limit of "localized magnetic moments" helped by the partial Kondo screening on the crystal boundary can bring about a non-Fermi liquid of $d$ electrons that exhibits two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics, or other unconventional states. In addition, ultra-thin films made from topological Kondo insulators could open the possibility of creating exotic incompressible quantum liquids with non-Abelian fractional excitations, whose dynamics shaped by the strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling resembles that of fractional quantum Hall systems.