A novel $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr tracer method for characterizing xenon gas and cryogenic distillation systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new $^{83 ext{m}}$Kr tracer method for characterizing xenon gas systems and cryogenic distillation, leveraging its radioactive properties for flow measurement and separation efficiency assessment.

Contribution

It presents novel techniques for doping $^{83 ext{m}}$Kr into xenon and detecting it with custom detectors, enabling flow and separation analysis in noble gas systems.

Findings

Determined gas circulation speed in a xenon purification system.

Demonstrated rapid estimation of distillation separation performance.

Validated $^{83 ext{m}}$Kr as an effective tracer for noble gas system characterization.

Abstract

The radioactive isomer $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr has many properties that make it very useful for various applications. Its low energy decay products, like conversion, shake-off and Auger electrons as well as X- and $\gamma$-rays are used for calibration purposes in neutrino mass experiments and direct dark matter detection experiments. Thanks to the short half-life of 1.83 h and the decay to the ground state $^{83}$Kr, one does not risk contamination of any low-background experiment with long- lived radionuclides. In this paper, we present two new applications of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr. It can be used as a radioactive tracer in noble gases to characterize the particle flow inside of gas routing systems. A method of doping $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr into xenon gas and its detection, using special custom-made detectors, based on a photomultiplier tube, is described. This technique has been used to determine the circulation speed of gas particles inside of a gas purification system for xenon. Furthermore, 83m Kr can be used to rapidly estimate separation performance of a distillation system.