Quantum gravitational dust collapse does not result in a black hole

TL;DR

Quantum gravity models suggest dust collapse halts at the apparent horizon, forming a stable, compact object resembling a neutron star, without creating a traditional black hole or singularity.

Contribution

This work constructs static solutions for dust collapse halted at the apparent horizon, proposing a new type of compact object that challenges classical black hole formation.

Findings

Collapse terminates on the apparent horizon.

The resulting object has a boundary outside the Schwarzschild radius.

Energy extraction processes leave a negative point mass at the center.

Abstract

Quantum gravity suggests that the paradox recently put forward by Almheiri et. al. (AMPS) can be resolved if matter does not undergo continuous collapse to a singularity but condenses on the apparent horizon. One can then expect a quasi-static object to form even after the gravitational field has overcome any degeneracy pressure of the matter fields. We consider dust collapse. If the collapse terminates on the apparent horizon, the Misner-Sharp mass function of the dust ball is predicted and we construct static solutions with no tangential pressure that would represent such a compact object. The collapse wave functions indicate that there will be processes by which energy extraction from the center occurs. These leave behind a negative point mass at the center which contributes to the total energy of the system but has no effect on the the energy density of the dust ball. The solutions describe a compact object whose boundary lies outside its Schwarzschild radius and which is hardly distinguishable from a neutron star.