Electrically modulated dynamic spreading of drops on soft surfaces

TL;DR

This study explores how electrical voltage influences the spreading behavior of drops on soft, deformable surfaces, revealing universal power laws governed by substrate elasticity and electric potential, advancing droplet manipulation technologies.

Contribution

It uncovers the combined effects of electrocapillarity, line friction, and viscoelastic dissipation on electrospreading dynamics on soft substrates, introducing universal power laws.

Findings

Contact radius follows a power law in a non-dimensional time scaled by elasticity.

Spreading exponent depends on electric potential.

Contact angle variation follows a power law in contact line velocity.

Abstract

The intricate interaction between the deformability of a substrate and the dynamic spreading of a liquid drop on the same, under the application of an electrical voltage, has remained far from being well understood. Here, we demonstrate that electrospreading dynamics on soft substrates is dictated by the combined interplay of electrocapillarity, the wetting line friction and the viscoelastic energy dissipation at the contact line. Our results reveal that during such electro-elastocapillarity mediated spreading of a sessile drop, the contact radius evolution exhibits a universal power law in a substrate elasticity based non-dimensional time, with an electric potential dependent spreading exponent. Simultaneously, the macroscopic dynamic contact angle variation follows a general power law in the contact line velocity, normalized by elasticity dependent characteristic velocity scale. Our results are likely to provide the foundation for the development of a plethora of new applications involving droplet manipulations by exploiting the interplay between electrically triggered spreading and substrate-compliance over interfacial scales.