Relic photon temperature versus redshift and the cosmic neutrino background

TL;DR

This paper explores a modified cosmological model where CMB photons follow SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, leading to revised redshift values for key events and implications for neutrino physics, challenging standard cosmology.

Contribution

It introduces a model where CMB photons are described by SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, altering redshift predictions and neutrino temperature relations, and examines its consistency with observational data.

Findings

Revised redshift of CMB decoupling to z~1775

Reconciliation of reionization redshift with quasar spectra

Inconsistency with standard N_eff value from Planck data

Abstract

Presuming that CMB photons are described by the deconfining phase of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with the critical temperature for the deconfining-preconfining phase transition matching the present CMB temperature $T_0\sim 2.725\,$K (SU(2)$_{\tiny{CMB}}$), we investigate how CMB temperature $T$ connects with the cosmological scale factor $a$ in a Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker Universe. Owing to a violation of conformal scaling at late times, the tension between the (instantaneous) redshift of reionisation from CMB observation ($z_{\tiny{re}}\sim 11$) and quasar spectra ($z_{\tiny{re}}\sim 6$) is repealed. Also, we find that the redshift of CMB decoupling moves from $z_{\tiny{dec}}\sim 1100$ to $z_{\tiny{dec}}\sim 1775$ which questions $\Lambda$CDM cosmology at high redshifts. Adapting this model to the conventional physics of three flavours of massless cosmic neutrinos, we demonstrate inconsistency with the value N$_{\tiny{eff}}\sim 3.36$ extracted from Planck data. Interactions between cosmic neutrinos and the CMB implies a {\sl common} temperature $T$ of (no longer separately conserved) CMB and neutrino fluids. N$_{\tiny{eff}}\sim 3.36$ then entails a universal, temperature induced cosmic neutrino mass $m_\nu=\xi T$ with $\xi=3.973$. Our above results on $z_{\tiny{re}}$ and $z_{\tiny{dec}}$, derived from SU(2)$_{\tiny{CMB}}$ alone, are essentially unaffected when including such a neutrino sector.