Direct detection of cosmic rays: through a new era of precision measurements of particle fluxes

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advancements in direct cosmic ray measurements enabled by space-based experiments, highlighting improved statistical precision and discussing the importance of systematic error estimation for accurate flux measurements.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review and comparison of the latest experimental results in direct cosmic ray measurements, emphasizing the need for careful systematic error analysis.

Findings

Increased statistics allow measurements at higher energies.

Discrepancies among experiments highlight systematic uncertainties.

Recent results show improved agreement but still face systematic challenges.

Abstract

In the last years the direct measurement of cosmic rays received a push forward by the possibility of conducting experiments on board long duration balloon flights, satellites and on the International Space Station. The increase in the collected statistics and the technical improvements in the construction of the detectors permit the fluxes measurement to be performed at higher energies with a reduced discrepancy among different experiments respect to the past. However, high statistical precision is not always associated to the needed precision in the estimation of systematics; features in the particle spectra can be erroneously introduced or hidden. A review and a comparison of the latest experimental results on direct cosmic rays measurements will be presented with particular emphasis on their similarities and discrepancies.