Random geometry and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class

TL;DR

This paper investigates a random metric model on , showing that its geometric properties follow KPZ universality class behavior, with results matching Tracy-Widom distributions for correlations and extreme values.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the geometry of random metrics exhibits KPZ universality and Tracy-Widom statistics, linking geometric fluctuations to random matrix theory.

Findings

Ball roughness scales as R^{1/3}

Geodesic wandering scales as L^{2/3}

Correlators match Airy-2 process and Tracy-Widom distributions

Abstract

We consider a model of a quenched disordered geometry in which a random metric is defined on ${\mathbb R}^2$, which is flat on average and presents short-range correlations. We focus on the statistical properties of balls and geodesics, i.e., circles and straight lines. We show numerically that the roughness of a ball of radius $R$ scales as $R^\chi$, with a fluctuation exponent $\chi \simeq 1/3$, while the lateral spread of the minimizing geodesic between two points at a distance $L$ grows as $L^\xi$, with wandering exponent value $\xi\simeq 2/3$. Results on related first-passage percolation (FPP) problems lead us to postulate that the statistics of balls in these random metrics belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class of surface kinetic roughening, with $\xi$ and $\chi$ relating to critical exponents characterizing a corresponding interface growth process. Moreover, we check that the one-point and two-point correlators converge to the behavior expected for the Airy-2 process characterized by the Tracy-Widom (TW) probability distribution function of the largest eigenvalue of large random matrices in the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE). Nevertheless extreme-value statistics of ball coordinates are given by the TW distribution associated with random matrices in the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. Furthermore, we also find TW-GUE statistics with good accuracy in arrival times.