Collapse and coexistence for a molecular braid with an attractive interaction component subject to mechanical forces

TL;DR

This paper models how attractive interactions influence the behavior of braided rod-like molecules, revealing conditions for collapse, coexistence of states, and symmetry breaking, with implications for DNA and actin studies.

Contribution

It introduces a model incorporating attractive interactions, including helix-dependent forces, to explain braid collapse and coexistence phenomena in molecular braiding experiments.

Findings

Attractive interactions can cause braid collapse at critical moments.

Coexistence of tight and loose braid states depends on the number of pitches.

Helix-dependent forces break left-right symmetry in braid behavior.

Abstract

Dual mechanical braiding experiments provide a useful tool with which investigate the nature of interactions between rod-like molecules, for instance actin and DNA. In conditions close to molecular condensation, one would expect an appearance of a local minimum in the interaction potential between the two molecules. We investigate this situation, introducing an attractive component into the interaction potential, using a model developed for describing such experiments. We consider attraction that does not depend on molecular structure, as well that which depends on a DNA-like helix structure. In braiding experiments, an attractive term may lead to certain effects. A local minimum may cause molecules to collapse from a loosely braided configuration into a tight one, occurring at a critical value of the moment applied about the axis of the braid. For a fixed number of braid pitches, this may lead to coexistence between the two braiding states, tight and loose. Coexistence implies certain proportions of the braid are in each state, their relative size depending on the number of braid pitches. This manifests itself as linear dependence in numerically calculated quantities as functions of the number of braid pitches. Also, in the collapsed state, the braid radius stays roughly constant. Furthermore, if the attractive interaction is helix dependent, the left-right handed braid symmetry is broken. For a DNA like charge distribution, using the Kornyshev-Leikin interaction model, our results suggest that significant braid collapse and coexistence only occurs for left handed braids. Regardless of the interaction model, the study highlights the possible qualitative physics of braid collapse and coexistence; and the role helix specific forces might play, if important. The model could be used to connect other microscopic theories of interaction with braiding experiments.