On The Efficiency of Jet Production in Radio Galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates the efficiency of jet production in radio galaxies by analyzing archival X-ray data, revealing that magnetic fields and gas dynamics significantly influence jet power and black hole spin estimates.

Contribution

It introduces a revised method for estimating jet production efficiency considering gas loss, highlighting the importance of magnetic fields and accretion flow models in black hole jet physics.

Findings

Jet efficiency eta ranges from 100-300% in the sample.

Gas loss in accretion flows affects estimates of black hole accretion rates.

High eta values imply the necessity of magnetic fields near rapidly spinning black holes.

Abstract

The mechanisms that produce and power relativistic jets are fundamental open questions in black hole (BH) astrophysics. In order to constrain these mechanisms, we analyze the energy efficiency of jet production 'eta' based on archival Chandra observations of 27 nearby, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. We obtain 'eta' as the ratio of the jet power, inferred from the energetics of jet powered X-ray emitting cavities, to the BH mass accretion rate Mdot_BH. The standard assumption in estimating Mdot_BH is that all the gas from the Bondi radius 'r_B' makes it down to the BH. It is now clear, however, that only a small fraction of the gas reaches the hole. To account for this effect, we use the standard disk mass-loss scaling, Mdot(r) \propto (r/r_B)^s Mdot_Bondi. This leads to much lower values of Mdot_BH and higher values of 'eta' than in previous studies. If hot accretion flows are characterized by 0.5<s<0.6 -- on the lower end of recent theoretical and observational studies -- then dynamically-important magnetic fields near rapidly spinning BHs are necessary to account for the high eta~100-300 per cent in the sample. Moreover, values of s>0.6 are essentially ruled out, or there would be insufficient energy to power the jets. We discuss the implications of our results for the distribution of massive BH spins and the possible impact of a significant extra cold gas supply on our estimates.