Class-preserving automorphisms of finite $p$-groups II

TL;DR

This paper characterizes finite $p$-groups with class-preserving automorphisms equal to the size of their commutator subgroup raised to the number of generators, revealing structural properties and classifying certain nilpotent groups.

Contribution

It provides a detailed classification of finite $p$-groups with specific automorphism properties, extending previous work and introducing new concepts like generalized Camina groups.

Findings

For class 2, $d(G)$ is even and $G/Z(G)$ is homocyclic.

For higher class, $d(G)=2$ and specific conditions on $eta_2(G)$ determine automorphism size.

Classifies groups with maximal size of the central quotient $G/Z(G)$.

Abstract

Let $G$ be a finite group minimally generated by $d(G)$ elements and $\Aut_c(G)$ denote the group of all (conjugacy) class-preserving automorphisms of $G$. Continuing our work [Class preserving automorphisms of finite $p$-groups, J. London Math. Soc. \textbf{75(3)} (2007), 755-772], we study finite $p$-groups $G$ such that $|\Aut_c(G)| = |\gamma_2(G)|^{d(G)}$, where $\gamma_2(G)$ denotes the commutator subgroup of $G$. If $G$ is such a $p$-group of class $2$, then we show that $d(G)$ is even, $2d(\gamma_2(G)) \le d(G)$ and $G/\Z(G)$ is homocyclic. When the nilpotency class of $G$ is larger than $2$, we obtain the following (surprising) results: (i) $d(G) = 2$. (ii) If $|\gamma_2(G)/\gamma_3(G)| > 2$, then $|\Aut_c(G)| = |\gamma_2(G)|^{d(G)}$ if and only if $G$ is a $2$-generator group with cyclic commutator subgroup, where $\gamma_3(G)$ denotes the third term in the lower central series of $G$. (iii) If $|\gamma_2(G)/\gamma_3(G)| = 2$, then $|\Aut_c(G)| = |\gamma_2(G)|^{d(G)}$ if and only if $G$ is a $2$-generator $2$-group of nilpotency class $3$ with elementary abelian commutator subgroup of order at most $8$. As an application, we classify finite nilpotent groups $G$ such that the central quotient $G/\Z(G)$ of $G$ by it's center $\Z(G)$ is of the largest possible order. For proving these results, we introduce a generalization of Camina groups and obtain some interesting results. We use Lie theoretic techniques and computer algebra system `Magma' as tools.