A Unitary Model of The Black Hole Evaporation

TL;DR

This paper proposes a unitary model of black hole evaporation that resolves information loss paradoxes by incorporating an effective entanglement and residual correlations, using a qubit model with modified quantum teleportation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel unitary effective field model with an added radiation detector, addressing black hole complementarity and information paradoxes.

Findings

Resolves information loss and firewall paradoxes without local measurements.

Finds residual correlations in Hawking radiation unlike purely thermal spectra.

Provides a qubit model demonstrating modified quantum teleportation for information transfer.

Abstract

A unitary effective field model of the black hole evaporation is proposed to satisfy almost the four postulates of the black hole complementarity (BHC). In this model, we enlarge a black hole-scalar field system by adding an extra radiation detector that couples with the scalar field. After performing a partial trace over the scalar field space, we obtain an effective entanglement between the black hole and the detector (or radiation in it). As the whole system evolves, the S-matrix formula can be constructed formally step by step. Without local quantum measurements, the paradoxes of the information loss and AMPS's firewall can be resolved. However, the information can be lost due to quantum decoherence, as long as some local measurement has been performed on the detector to acquire the information of the radiation in it. But unlike Hawking's completely thermal spectrum, some residual correlations can be found in the radiations. All these considerations can be simplified in a qubit model that provides a \emph{modified quantum teleportation} to transfer the information via an EPR pairs.