Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Transition of the ANNNI model in Two Dimensions

TL;DR

This study investigates the phase transition in the 2D ANNNI model, confirming the existence of a Kosterlitz-Thouless type transition between incommensurate and paramagnetic phases through equilibrium and non-equilibrium simulations.

Contribution

The paper provides new evidence for a KT-type phase transition in the 2D ANNNI model by analyzing larger lattices and comparing equilibrium and non-equilibrium simulation results.

Findings

Identification of the transition temperature $T_{c1} \\approx 1.16J$

Observation of algebraic decay in spin autocorrelation functions near $T_{c1}$

Confirmation of the incommensurate phase transition of KT type

Abstract

The spin structure of an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model in two dimensions (2D) is a renewed problem because different Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods predicted different spin orderings. The usual equilibrium simulation predicts the occurrence of a floating incommensurate (IC) Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) type phase, which never emerges in non-equilibrium relaxation (NER) simulations. In this paper, we first examine previously published results of both methods, and then investigate a higher transition temperature, $T_{c1}$, between the IC and paramagnetic phases. In the usual equilibrium simulation, we calculate the layer magnetization on larger lattices (up to $512 \times 512$ sites) and estimate $T_{c1} \approx 1.16J$ with frustration ratio $\kappa (\equiv -J_2/J_1) = 0.6$. We examine the nature of the phase transition in terms of the Binder ratio $g_L$ of spin overlap functions and the correlation-length ratio $\xi/L$. In the NER simulation, we observe the spin dynamics in equilibrium states by means of an autocorrelation function, and also observe the layer magnetization relaxations from the ground and disordered states. These quantities exhibit an algebraic decay at $T \lesssim 1.17J$. We conclude that the two-dimensional ANNNI model actually admits an IC phase transition of the KT type.