The mass-metallicity and fundamental metallicity relations at z>2 using VLT and Subaru near-infrared spectroscopy of zCOSMOS galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates the mass-metallicity and fundamental metallicity relations at redshift greater than 2 using near-infrared spectroscopy of zCOSMOS galaxies, revealing that the relations depend on the choice of calibration and are consistent with a non-evolving FMR when using a physical model.

Contribution

It provides new measurements of metallicity and SFR at z>2, testing the invariance of the FMR with redshift using direct spectroscopic data.

Findings

The mass-metallicity relation at z~2.3 is 3-5 times lower than local SDSS relations.

SFR remains a second parameter in the mass-metallicity relation at high redshift.

The galaxies are consistent with a non-evolving FMR when applying a physical formulation.

Abstract

In the local universe, there is good evidence that, at a given stellar mass M, the gas-phase metallicity Z is anti-correlated with the star formation rate (SFR) of the galaxies. It has also been claimed that the resulting Z(M,SFR) relation is invariant with redshift - the so-called Fundamental Metallicity Relation (FMR). Given a number of difficulties in determining metallicities, especially at higher redshifts, the form of the Z(M,SFR) relation and whether it is really independent of redshift is still very controversial. To explore this issue at z>2, we used VLT-SINFONI and Subaru-MOIRCS near-infrared spectroscopy of 20 zCOSMOS-deep galaxies at 2.1<z<2.5 to measure the strengths of up to five emission lines: [OII], Hbeta, [OIII], Halpha, and [NII]. This near-infrared spectroscopy enables us to derive O/H metallicities, and also SFRs from extinction corrected Halpha measurements. We find that the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) of these star-forming galaxies at z~2.3 is lower than the local SDSS MZR by a factor of three to five, a larger change than found by Erb et al. (2006) using [NII]/Halpha-based metallicities from stacked spectra. We discuss how the different selections of the samples and metallicity calibrations used may be responsible for this discrepancy. The galaxies show direct evidence that the SFR is still a second parameter in the mass-metallicity relation at these redshifts. However, determining whether the Z(M,SFR) relation is invariant with epoch depends on the choice of extrapolation used from local samples, because z>2 galaxies of a given mass have much higher SFRs than the local SDSS galaxies. We find that the zCOSMOS galaxies are consistent with a non-evolving FMR if we use the physically-motivated formulation of the Z(M,SFR) relation from Lilly et al. (2003), but not if we use the empirical formulation of Mannucci et al. (2010).