Log-Gamma directed polymer with fixed endpoints via the replica Bethe Ansatz

TL;DR

This paper derives exact formulas for the moments and distribution of a discrete directed polymer model with inverse gamma weights, revealing connections to integrable systems and Tracy-Widom distribution in the large-time limit.

Contribution

It provides an exact Bethe Ansatz solution for the inverse gamma polymer, constructing a Fredholm determinant representation for its partition function distribution.

Findings

Exact moments of the partition sum are obtained using Bethe Ansatz.

The distribution converges to the GUE Tracy-Widom distribution at large times.

The formula matches previous results by Borodin et al., confirming the integrability approach.

Abstract

We study the model of a discrete directed polymer (DP) on the square lattice with homogeneous inverse gamma distribution of site random Boltzmann weights, introduced by Seppalainen. The integer moments of the partition sum, $\overline{Z^n}$, are studied using a transfer matrix formulation, which appears as a generalization of the Lieb-Liniger quantum mechanics of bosons to discrete time and space. In the present case of the inverse gamma distribution the model is integrable in terms of a coordinate Bethe Ansatz, as discovered by Brunet. Using the Brunet-Bethe eigenstates we obtain an exact expression for the integer moments of $\overline{Z^n}$ for polymers of arbitrary lengths and fixed endpoint positions. Although these moments do not exist for all integer n, we are nevertheless able to construct a generating function which reproduces all existing integer moments, and which takes the form of a Fredholm determinant (FD). This suggests an analytic continuation via a Mellin-Barnes transform and we thereby propose a FD ansatz representation for the probability distribution function (PDF) of $Z$ and its Laplace transform. In the limit of very long DP, this ansatz yields that the distribution of the free energy converges to the GUE Tracy-Widom distribution up to a non-trivial average and variance that we calculate. Our asymptotic predictions coincide with a result by Borodin et al. based on a formula obtained by Seppalainen using the gRSK correspondence. In addition we obtain the dependence on the endpoint position and the exact elastic coefficient at large time. We argue the equivalence between our formula and the one of Borodin et al. As we discuss, this open the way to explore the connections between quantum integrability and tropical geometry.