Effect of optical lattice potentials on the vortices in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates how optical lattice potentials influence vortex formation and behavior in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing effects on vortex nucleation, structure, and number depending on lattice depth and rotation frequency.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical analysis of the combined effects of dipole interactions and optical lattice depth on vortex dynamics in BECs, highlighting new insights into vortex control.

Findings

Rapid vortex creation due to symmetry breaking from OL and dipolar interaction.

Critical rotation frequency decreases with increasing OL depth.

Number of vortices varies with OL depth and rotation frequency, confirmed by rms radius analysis.

Abstract

We study the interplay of dipole-dipole interaction and optical lattice (OL) potential of varying depths on the formation and dynamics of vortices in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. By numerically solving the time-dependent quasi-two dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we analyse the consequence of dipole-dipole interaction on vortex nucleation, vortex structure, critical rotation frequency and number of vortices for a range of OL depths. Rapid creation of vortices has been observed due to supplementary symmetry breaking provided by the OL in addition to the dipolar interaction. Also the critical rotation frequency decreases with an increase in the depth of the OL. Further, at lower rotation frequencies the number of vortices increases on increasing the depth of OL while it decreases at higher rotation frequencies. This variation in the number of vortices has been confirmed by calculating the rms radius, which shrinks in deep optical lattice at higher rotation frequencies.