Space-time evolution of heavy sterile neutrinos in cascade decays

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive framework to describe the space-time evolution of heavy sterile neutrinos in cascade decays, applicable to various decay channels and neutrino types, with implications for experimental searches.

Contribution

It introduces a non-perturbative, unitary approach to model sterile neutrino cascade decays, providing general formulas for probabilities and event counts, and applies these to specific decay processes.

Findings

Substantial corrections to previous models of radiative decay processes.

Implications for resolving experimental anomalies like MiniBooNE excess.

Framework applicable to both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos.

Abstract

Heavy sterile-like neutrinos may be produced resonantly from the decay of pseudoscalar mesons and may decay into several different channels in a cascade $\Phi \rightarrow L^\alpha \nu_h;\nu_h\rightarrow \{X\}$. In general these are rare events with displaced vertices. We provide a non-perturbative and manifestly unitary framework that describes the cascade decay and yields the space-time evolution of the probabilities for sterile neutrinos, final states and the total number of events at a far detector. The results are general, valid for Dirac or Majorana neutrinos and only input the total decay rates and branching ratios for the production and decay channels. We apply the general results to two examples of "visible" decay: i) $K^+\rightarrow e^+ \nu_h\rightarrow (e^+) e^+ e^- \nu_e$ via a standard model charged current vertex and ii) the radiative decay $K^+\rightarrow \mu^+ \nu_h \rightarrow (\mu^+) \nu_a \gamma$. For this latter cascade process we find substantial corrections to previous assessments within the parameter space argued to solve the anomalous excess of electron-like events at MiniBooNE. These large corrections may help relieve the tension with recent experimental bounds on radiative decays of heavy sterile neutrinos.