Near infrared spectroscopy of the type IIn SN 2010jl: evidence for high velocity ejecta

TL;DR

This study presents near-infrared spectroscopy of supernova SN 2010jl over 36-565 days, revealing high-velocity ejecta, evolving line profiles, and dust formation evidence, providing insights into supernova ejecta dynamics and composition.

Contribution

It provides detailed NIR spectral observations of SN 2010jl, highlighting high-velocity ejecta features and their evolution, which were not previously characterized in this supernova type.

Findings

Blue-shifting broad hydrogen line components over time.

Detection of high-velocity He-rich ejecta flow.

Evidence of dust formation at late times.

Abstract

The Type IIn supernova SN 2010jl was relatively nearby and luminous, allowing detailed studies of the near-infrared (NIR) emission. We present 1 - 2.4 micron spectroscopy over the age range of 36 - 565 days from the earliest detection of the supernova. On day 36, the H lines show an unresolved narrow emission component along with a symmetric broad component that can be modeled as the result of electron scattering by a thermal distribution of electrons. Over the next hundreds of days, the broad components of the H lines shift to the blue by 700 km/s, as is also observed in optical lines. The narrow lines do not show a shift, indicating they originate in a different region. He I 1.0830 and 2.0587 micron lines both show an asymmetric broad emission component, with a shoulder on the blue side that varies in prominence and velocity from -5500 km/s on day 108 to -4000 km/s on day 219. This component may be associated with the higher velocity flow indicated by X-ray observations of the supernova. The absence of the feature in the H lines suggests that this is from a He rich ejecta flow. The He I 1.0830 micron feature has a narrow P Cygni line, with absorption extending to ~100 km/s and strengthening over the first 200 days, and an emission component which weakens with time. At day 403, the continuum emission becomes dominated by a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of ~1900 K, suggestive of dust emission.