Bridging EUV and white-light observations to inspect the initiation phase of a "two-stage" solar eruptive event

TL;DR

This study combines EUV and white-light solar observations to analyze the initiation phase of a two-stage CME, revealing detailed dynamics and proposing flux rope instability as a key trigger mechanism.

Contribution

It introduces a novel multi-instrument observational approach to study CME initiation, bridging data gaps and providing new insights into flux rope behavior and eruption dynamics.

Findings

Initial CME motion coincides with the first X-ray flare peak.

Abrupt acceleration of CME core aligns with the second flare peak.

The event supports flux rope instability models like kink or torus instability.

Abstract

The initiation phase of CMEs is a very important aspect of solar physics, as these phenomena ultimately drive space weather in the heliosphere. This phase is known to occur between the photosphere and low corona, where many models introduce an instability and/or magnetic reconnection that triggers a CME, often with associated flaring activity. To this end, it is important to obtain a variety of observations of the low corona in order to build as clear a picture as possible of the dynamics that occur therein. Here, we combine the EUV imagery of the SWAP instrument on board PROBA2 with the white-light imagery of the ground-based Mk4 coronameter at MLSO in order to bridge the observational gap that exists between the disk imagery of AIA on board SDO and the coronal imagery of LASCO on board SOHO. Methods of multiscale image analysis were applied to the observations to better reveal the coronal signal while suppressing noise and other features. This allowed an investigation into the initiation phase of a CME that was driven by a rising flux rope structure from a "two-stage" flaring active region underlying an extended helmet streamer. It was found that the initial outward motion of the erupting loop system in the EUV observations coincided with the first X-ray flare peak, and led to a plasma pile-up of the white-light CME core material. The characterized CME core then underwent a strong jerk in its motion, as the early acceleration increased abruptly, simultaneous with the second X-ray flare peak. The overall system expanded into the helmet streamer to become the larger CME structure observed in the LASCO coronagraph images, which later became concave-outward in shape. Theoretical models for the event are discussed in light of these unique observations, and it is concluded that the formation of either a kink-unstable or torus-unstable flux rope may be the likeliest scenario.