Charge varying sine-Gordon deformed defects

TL;DR

This paper explores sine-Gordon deformed defects, revealing smooth transitions between topological and non-topological states, and demonstrates how cyclic deformations generate complex defect structures with novel properties.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for cyclic sine-Gordon deformations that produce kink and lump defects with unique topological and energetic features.

Findings

Cyclic deformations support both kink and lump defects.

Topological charges can transition smoothly from non-zero to zero.

Deformed defects exhibit non-monotonic behavior and additional inflection points.

Abstract

Sine-Gordon deformed defects that exhibit unusual phenomenological features on the topological charge are investigated. The possibility of a smooth and continuous transition between topological (non null charge) and non-topological (null charge) scenarios of deformed defects supported by sine-Gordon structures is evinced by the analytical calculation of topological charges and localized energy distributions. By describing cyclic deformation chains, we show that a triggering sine-Gordon model simultaneously supports kink and lump-like defects, whose topological mass values are closed by trigonometric or hyperbolic successive deformations. In spite of preserving analytical closure relations constraining the topological masses of $3$-and $4$-cyclically deformed defects, the deformation chains produce kinks and lumps which exhibit non-monotonic behavior and extra inflection points, respectively. The outcome of our analysis suggests that cyclic deformations create novel scenarios of physical and mathematical applicability of defect structures supported by the sine-Gordon theory.