KK258, a new transition dwarf galaxy neighbouring the Local Group

TL;DR

KK258 is a nearby transition dwarf galaxy with typical properties, located unusually isolated from major neighbors, providing insights into dwarf galaxy evolution and local universe dynamics.

Contribution

This study presents detailed measurements of KK258's distance, velocity, and star formation history, highlighting its unique isolation among transition dwarfs.

Findings

KK258 is 2.23 Mpc away with a peculiar velocity of ~3 km/s.

It has a low star formation rate with log[sSFR] around -2.6 to -2.8.

KK258 is unusually isolated, being 0.8 Mpc from its nearest significant galaxy.

Abstract

Here we present observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope of the nearby, transition-type dwarf galaxy KK258 = ESO468-020. We measure a distance of 2.23$\pm$0.05 Mpc using the Tip of Red Giant Branch method. We also detect H$\alpha$ emission from this gas-poor dwarf transition galaxy at the velocity $V_h$ = 92$\pm$5 km s$^{-1}$ or $V_{LG}$ = 150 km s$^{-1}$. With this distance and velocity, KK258 lies near the local Hubble flow locus with a peculiar velocity $\sim$3 km s$^{-1}$. We discuss the star formation history of KK258 derived from its colour-magnitude diagram. The specific star formation rate is estimated to be log[sSFR] = $-2.64$ and $-2.84$ (Gyr$^{-1}$) from the FUV-flux and H$\alpha$-flux, respectively. KK258 has the absolute magnitude $M_B = -10.3$ mag, the average surface brightness of 26.0 mag arcsec$^{-2}$ and the hydrogen mass ${\rm log}(M_{HI}) < 5.75 M_\odot$. We compare KK258 with 29 other dTr- galaxies situated within 5 Mpc from us, and conclude that its properties are typical for transition dwarfs. However, KK258 resides 0.8 Mpc away from its significant neighbour, the Sdm galaxy NGC 55, and such a spatial isolation is unusual for the local transition dwarfs.