The curious case of HD41248. A pair of static signals buried behind red-noise

TL;DR

This study provides evidence for two super-Earths orbiting HD41248, demonstrating that their signals are stable over time despite stellar activity and noise, emphasizing the need for advanced noise modeling in exoplanet detection.

Contribution

The paper offers a detailed analysis supporting the existence of two super-Earths around HD41248, highlighting the importance of noise modeling in radial velocity data.

Findings

Signals remain significant over 10 years of data.

Stellar activity increases noise reddening.

Evidence supports two super-Earths in resonance.

Abstract

Gaining a better understanding of the effects of stellar induced radial velocity noise is critical for the future of exoplanet studies, since the discovery of the lowest-mass planets using this method will require us to go below the intrinsic stellar noise limit. An interesting test case in this respect is that of the southern solar analogue HD41248. The radial velocity time series of this star has been proposed to contain either a pair of signals with periods of around 18 and 25 days, that could be due to a pair of resonant super-Earths, or a single and varying 25 day signal that could arise due to a complex interplay between differential rotation and modulated activity. In this letter we build-up more evidence for the former scenario, showing that the signals are still clearly significant even after more than 10 years of observations and they likely do not change in period, amplitude, or phase as a function of time, the hallmarks of static Doppler signals. We show that over the last two observing seasons this star was more intrinsically active and the noise reddened, highlighting why better noise models are needed to find the lowest amplitude signals, in particular models that consider noise correlations. This analysis shows that there is still sufficient evidence for the existence of two super-Earths on the edge of, or locked into, a 7:5 mean motion resonance orbiting HD41248.