Constraints on the radio loud/radio quiet dichotomy from the fundamental plane

TL;DR

This paper investigates the constraints on the radio loud/radio quiet dichotomy in active galactic nuclei by analyzing the fundamental plane of black hole activity, challenging simple spin-based models and proposing alternative explanations involving accretion flow orientation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the small scatter in the fundamental plane conflicts with a simple spin dichotomy model and explores how accretion flow orientation differences can reconcile observations.

Findings

Black hole spin differences of ~1 are not typical among AGN.

Models based solely on spin dichotomy are inconsistent with the fundamental plane.

Orientation-based accretion flow differences can explain the small scatter in the fundamental plane.

Abstract

The fundamental plane for black hole activity constitutes a tight correlation between jet power, X-ray luminosity, and black hole mass. Under the assumption that a Blandford-Znajek-type mechanism, which relies on black hole spin, contributes non-negligibly to jet production, the sufficiently small scatter in the fundamental plane shows that black hole spin differences of $\mid$$\Delta$a$\mid \sim$1 are not typical among the active galactic nuclei population. If $-$ as it seems $-$ radio loud and radio quiet objects are both faithful to the fundamental plane, models of black hole accretion in which the radio loud/radio quiet dichotomy is based on a spin dichotomy of a$\sim$1/a$\sim$0, respectively, are difficult to reconcile with the observations. We show how recent theoretical work based on differences in accretion flow orientation between retrograde and prograde, accommodates a small scatter in the fundamental plane for objects that do have non-negligible differences in black hole spin values. We also show that the dichotomy in spin between the most radio loud and the most radio quiet involves $\mid$$\Delta$a$\mid \approx$0. And, finally, we show how the picture that produces compatibility with the fundamental plane, also allows one to interpret other otherwise puzzling observations of jets across the mass scale including 1) the recently observed inverse relation between radio and X-rays at higher Eddington ratios in both black hole X-ray binaries as well as active galactic nuclei and 2) the apparent contradiction between jet power and black hole spin observed in X-ray hard and transitory burst states in X-ray binaries.