On bipartization of cubic graphs by removal of an independent set

TL;DR

This paper investigates the problem of bipartizing cubic graphs by removing a large independent set, providing constructive solutions for certain independence numbers and relating the problem to semi-equitable 3-coloring.

Contribution

It offers a constructive method for bipartization in cubic graphs with high independence number and connects the problem to semi-equitable 3-coloring, advancing understanding of graph bipartization.

Findings

Constructive proof for bipartization when independence number ≥ 4n/10.

Establishes a relation between bipartization and semi-equitable 3-coloring.

Open question on bipartization for graphs with independence number < 4n/10.

Abstract

We study a new problem for cubic graphs: bipartization of a cubic graph $Q$ by deleting sufficiently large independent set $I$. It can be expressed as follows: \emph{Given a connected $n$-vertex tripartite cubic graph $Q=(V,E)$ with independence number $\alpha(Q)$, does $Q$ contain an independent set $I$ of size $k$ such that $Q-I$ is bipartite?} We are interested for which value of $k$ the answer to this question is affirmative. We prove constructively that if $\alpha(Q) \geq 4n/10$, then the answer is positive for each $k$ fulfilling $\lfloor (n-\alpha(Q))/2 \rfloor \leq k \leq \alpha(Q)$. It remains an open question if a similar construction is possible for cubic graphs with $\alpha(Q)<4n/10$. Next, we show that this problem with $\alpha(Q)\geq 4n/10$ and $k$ fulfilling inequalities $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor \leq k \leq \alpha(Q)$ can be related to semi-equitable graph 3-coloring, where one color class is of size $k$, and the subgraph induced by the remaining vertices is equitably 2-colored. This means that $Q$ has a coloring of type $(k, \lceil(n-k)/2\rceil, \lfloor (n-k)/2 \rfloor)$.