TL;DR
This paper develops a precise method to calculate the photon parton distribution function (PDF) of the proton, incorporating it into global analyses and validating predictions with experimental data.
Contribution
It introduces a novel approach to determine the photon PDF with reduced uncertainty, integrating it into DGLAP global fits for the first time.
Findings
Photon PDF can be calculated with high accuracy.
Predictions agree well with ZEUS experimental data.
Uncertainty in photon PDF is relatively small.
Abstract
We show how the photon input parton distribution function (PDF) may be calculated with good accuracy, and used in an extended DGLAP global parton analysis in which the photon is treated as an additional point-like parton. The uncertainty of the input photon PDF is relatively small, since the major part of the distribution (which is produced by the coherent emission of the photon from a proton that remains intact) is well known. We present the expected photon PDFs, and compare the predictions with ZEUS data for isolated photon electroproduction at negative rapidities.
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