Nonexistence of small doubly periodic solutions for dispersive equations

TL;DR

This paper proves that for certain dispersive equations, small doubly periodic solutions do not exist for almost all periods, using a framework based on contraction mappings and dispersive smoothing properties.

Contribution

It introduces a new framework for proving the nonexistence of small doubly periodic solutions in dispersive equations, combining normal form analysis with small divisor and smoothing estimates.

Findings

Nonexistence of small periodic solutions for almost every period.

Framework applies to equations like KdV and Kawahara.

Demonstrates the role of dispersive smoothing in solution behavior.

Abstract

We study the question of existence of time-periodic, spatially periodic solutions for dispersive evolution equations, and in particular, we introduce a framework for demonstrating the nonexistence of such solutions. We formulate the problem so that doubly periodic solutions correspond to fixed points of a certain operator. We prove that this operator is locally contracting, for almost every temporal period, if the Duhamel integral associated to the evolution exhibits a weak smoothing property. This implies the nonexistence of nontrivial, small-amplitude time-periodic solutions for almost every period if the smoothing property holds. This can be viewed as a partial analogue of scattering for dispersive equations on periodic intervals, since scattering in free space implies the nonexistence of small coherent structures. We use a normal form to demonstrate the smoothing property on specific examples, so that it can be seen that there are indeed equations for which the hypotheses of the general theorem hold. The nonexistence result is thus established through the novel combination of small divisor estimates and dispersive smoothing estimates. The examples treated include the Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Kawahara equation.